CET 2510 - Introduction to Sustainability Name _ Essays

CET 2510 - Introduction to Sustainability Name : _______________ What year was the first Earth Day celebrated? 1970 When did the international green building movement start ? Late 1970's Describe what BREEAM is. The worlds oldest established method of assessing, rating, and certifying the degree of sustainability in buildings. What were the 7 principles of sustainable construction that the CIB came up with in 1994? (7pts) reduce-Reduce resource consumptionreuse-Reuse resourcesrecycle-Use recyclable resourcesnature-Protect naturetoxins-Eliminate toxinseconomics-Apply life-cycle costingquality-Focus on quality What are the three major forces propelling the shift to high performance buildings? (3 pts) a.)There is an Increased demand for buildings that are resource-efficient b.)Building location is a key factor in reducing energy consumption because transportation energy can amount to 2 times the operational energy of the building. c.)Climate Change Sustainable construction focuses on three main areas, what are they? (3 pts) a.)Ecological b.)Social c.)Economic Define Sustainable development. (5 pts) Economic development that is conducted without depletion of natural resources. What does the term "green building" mean? the planning, design, construction, and operations of buildings with several central, foremost considerations: energy use, water use, indoor environmental quality, material section and the buildings effects on its site. What is Biomimicry? Bio-mimicry is the design and production of materials, structures, and systems that are modeled on biological entities and processes. Describe the characteristics of a high performance building? By greening our built environment the green building industry can deliver on large-scale economic priorities such as climate change mitigation, energy security, resource conservation and job creation, long-term resilience and quality of life. What is precautionary principle ? (5 pts) the principle that the introduction of a new product or process whose ultimate effects are disputed or unknown should be resisted What does LEED stand for? Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design What does USGBC stand for? United States Green Building Council. 14) What are the Hannover Principles? (5 pts) The Hannover Principles are a set of statements that encourage the design professionals to take sustainability into consideration for their project What are the 5 golden rules for ecodesign ? (5 pts) 1-Don't use toxic substances and arrange closed loops for necessary but toxic ones.2-Minimize energy and resource consumption in production and transport 3-Minimize energy and resource consumption in the usage phase, especially for products with most significant environmental aspects in the usage phase.4-Promote repair and upgrading, especially for system dependent products.5-Promote long life, especially for products with most significant environmental aspects out of usage phase Why does global population growth affect global warming? (15 pts)The higher the populations, the higher the demand on our natural resources (oil, gas, coal) is for energy. The more energy we are using, especially oil and creating plastics and other items that produce greenhouse gasses, the more the earths temperature will rise. What is Green Globes? Green Globes is an online assessment protocol, rating system, and guidance for green building design, operation and management. Describe Net Zero Energy'. (5pts) net zero energy is in homes that produce enough energy to full fill its own share What is the key factor in reducing energy consumption? (5 pts) reducing the need/demand for energy Who was R. Buck minster Fuller ? he was a 20th century green inventor Describe Embodied Energy'. (5 pts) Embodied energy is the total energy required for the extraction, processing, manufacture and delivery of building materials to the building site. True or False: In the High growth sun belt and western regions of the United States, the demand for water in these regions threatens to rapidly outstrip the natural supply, even in normal, drought free conditions. True Who was "America's first green architect"? Rick Cook Under LEED Sustainable Sites', how many points can be earned in this category and what is the prerequisite? (5 pts) Construction Activity Pollution Prevention-26 points Under LEED Water Efficiency' (WE), there are three areas of credit and one prerequisite, name them and indicate their available points. (5 pts) -Water-Efficient Landscaping-Water Use Reduction 20%-Water Use Reduction-Innovative Wastewater Technologies Under LEED, what does EA stand for and how many points are possible? (3 pts) energy and atmosphere- 35 points How many prerequisites are there for EA? 3 prerequisites- Fundamental Commissioning of Building energy Systems, Minimum Energy Performance,

Ty-Asia Miller Essays - Politics, Activism, , Term Papers

Ty-Asia Miller Professor Pickens College English-180(24) 23 November 2009 Letter from Birmingham Jail In 1963 Martin Luther King Jr. addressed a triumphant letter to eight clergymen from his cell in Birmingham Jail, Alabama. King was arrested and imprisoned for being engaged in nonviolent direct actions. Similar to King, these clergymen were Christians that also preached from the Bible, but they complained about his actions being "unwise and untimely" (King 213). Many other people that happened to read King's letter believed that upheaval would begin if African-Americans were granted "true" independence and freedom. King was confident that his letter would produce a deep and vivid impression to all of his readers. In order to get through to everyone, King's "method was that of careful reasoning, focusing on the substances of their criticism, carefully analyzing it against his position, following it with the clearest possible statement of his own views, and why he feels they are worth adhering to" (213). Although the letter was addressed to the eight clergy men, his real audience was the "white moderate", also known as the middle class. If he could gain support from the majority in America, then he was confident that the civil rights movement could achieve their goals. A method that King uses to present his argument is writing in a non- aggressive style. This was very important considering the fact of who his target audience was. If King would have written his letter in a very aggressive way, the meaning and the main purpose of his writing would have been lost. For example, King states: "Just as Socrates felt that it was necessary to create a tension in the mind so that the individuals could rise from the bondage of myths and half of the truth s to be unfettered realm of creative analysis and objective appraisal, so must we need for nonviolent gadflies to create the kind tension in the society that will help men rise from the dark depths of prejudice and racism to the majestic heights of understanding brotherhood" (216). This shows that King's language is forceful, but appropriate when he expresses himself. King recognizes his own faults, but more importantly he does not put the blame on anyone. He helps to reunite both sides of the struggle against racism. It is exactly this type of logical, non- threatening appeal that makes King's letter so effective. The letter that King presents to the clergymen also alludes to several biblical scriptures and characters. Similar to King, Paul Epistle wrote several letters while he was imprisoned in Rome. "Just as the prophets of the eighth century B.C. left their village and carried their 'thus saith the Lord' far beyond the boundaries of their home towns, and just as the Apostle Paul left his village of Tarsus and carried gospel of Jesus Christ to the far corners of the Greco-Roman world, so am I compelled to carry the gospel of freedom beyond my own home town. Like Paul, I must constantly respond to the Macedonian call for aid" (214). Paul and the early Christians refused to abide by the unjust laws of the Roman Empire. They were willing to stand against lions and deal with excruciating circumstances. As the reader can see, King was very passionate about his beliefs in the same way that those he compared himself to were. By directly referring to something the readers recognized, such as the Bible, King would be able to accomplish his purpose. King's draws the audience more deeply into the letter when he helps them visualize what is being described in his writing. When King wrote to his audience, he invoked them with a lot of sensory details. For example, King uses imagery when he states, "Others have marched with us down nameless streets of the South, they have languished in filthy, roach infested jails, suffering the abuse and brutality of policemen who view them ads 'dirty nigger lovers" (225). King does not just state, "some white people that helped us have been through a lot, such as being imprisoned and abused," but he uses more details so the reader is able to grasp what he trying to say. By reading this sentence, his audience was able to visualize people being badly beaten by the police with guns and sticks, while bleeding all over the place. They can also visualize these people being imprisoned in a jail cell, lying on a bed with roaches crawling all over the floor, walls, and ceilings. King

How to Write All the Important Parts of Your Dissertation Introduction

How to Write All the Important Parts of Your Dissertation Introduction The introduction is the first section and starting point of your dissertation where you explain a specific topic, formulate a strong thesis statement, and give an overview of further paragraphs. What is its main purpose? The key goal of any dissertation introduction is to do the following: Grab readers’ interest (include clear examples or use other hooks); Introduce your subject area and purpose of your study; Demonstrate the practical and scientific relevance of your work. What to write in a dissertation introduction? What to write in a dissertation introduction? It’s one of the common questions that students ask when they start completing this important academic assignment to ensure that they’re doing everything correctly. A dissertation introduction is often a difficult chapter to write. That’s because your focus may shift when you continue brainstorming other sections as you analyze, interpret, and connect related research findings to existing knowledge. As you review available literature, your assumptions may change. An introduction should be the last structural part of dissertations to complete because it requires many edits to be powerful. To get an answer to the above-mentioned question, ensure that it contains these crucial elements: The main focus of your research; The value of your study; Preliminary background information to put your paper in context; Specific objectives and aims that it will achieve. Feel free to combine these basic parts to suit your needs. There are other interesting features that you can add to impress every reader, including a concrete research framework or methods. When it comes to the right length of your introduction for a dissertation, there’s no set rule about how long it must be, but you should try to write it on one page. Your dissertation introduction should include subheadings. Don’t forget about key references that you’ll use in your study. ORDER YOUR DISSERTATION NOW The background section Its basic purpose is to ease other people who read your complex and lengthy paper into a given topic. It’s inappropriate to simply state the focus or context of your research and reasoning that forced you to pursue this idea. Readers want to know that your study is really valuable. You can achieve this goal by defining gaps in research. Many students make one common mistake in a dissertation introduction by justifying their work and stating that the chosen subject is interesting to them. Although it’s a significant element of any academic project, you need to go beyond that and state why there’s a particular need for your study. How to outline the background section of your dissertation introduction? Try to identify the main elements of your chosen topic that the targeted audience should know from the very beginning. Make a list of a few powerful authors or readings. Write short notes to explain why they’re very influential and how they fit each other in relation to your overall subject. Consider key terminology to let readers understand your written discussion. You may have a list of abbreviations, but you need to write the background section in your dissertation introduction to highlight essential terms. Determine your research focus fast and provide only basic information. Your research focus A research focus does two important things in your dissertation introduction: Provides more data on your key purpose; Identifies the rationale of your paper. Clarify the areas you’re planning to research. Explain the importance of your study in the first place. The main point is that your research focus should link to the background data in the introduction of your dissertation. These elements should have a continuous flow. Use suitable transitional phrases or words to let readers know how you link ideas and facts to each other. A research focus leads into the aims, value, and objectives of your work, so it serves as a tie in your dissertation introduction. Ease the audience into your subject. Introduce your major point, explain the significance of your materials, and highlight the overall importance of your chosen field. This step will set you up to presenting objectives and aims. Your research value The value of your research deserves to be a separate element in your dissertation introduction because it matters to people who will judge the merit of your paper. It demonstrates that you consider how it can add any value. Not including this part is a big mistake. Devote a few short paragraphs to stating the worth of your contributions to a given discipline (it may not be a significant advancement). There are different ways to address the value of your academic work: Looking at your subject from a different angle; Suggesting that it lacks a critical investigation; Explaining why your research is a bit urgent. State its added value or significance in your dissertation introduction. YOUR DISSERTATION STARTS HERE Objectives and aims Keep in mind that objectives and aims are different things and you need to treat them accordingly. Students usually create them for the ethical clearance of their project or at the proposal stage, and putting them in the introduction of your dissertation is a matter of its clarity and organization. Any academic project has its overall goal. State your main purpose in a direct way. Objectives term from your overall goal and explain to the targeted audience how you will achieve it in your project. Organize them as bullet points or numerically. Objectives are identifiable and clear statements. There are some basic things that you should remember when including them in your dissertation introduction: Distinctness (every objective must assist in achieving the overall aim of your project); Appropriateness (it relates to what you study); Being achievable (your objectives are realistic and you can achieve them within a reasonable period of time); Clarity (avoid ambiguity). In creating your research objectives, take into account these simple steps: Start them with a certain keyword; Find a perfect numerical balance; Begin with simple objectives to set the right scene in your dissertation introduction, They’ll help you demonstrate a logical and clear position. Address them both in the main body and introduction of your dissertation because you can’t simply forget about them. Reference this basic part in your discussion and findings. Final words This helpful guide offers the key parts of any winning dissertation introduction, but you can add extra pieces to make it stronger. An outline of your project can be a good example of additional information that you can include in this paragraph. Ensure that it’s clear and logical to succeed. What if you keep struggling with your dissertation introduction? To solve your academic problems and make this task easier, turn to our qualified writing experts and get professional assistance online. Order our high-quality services and save time for other important activities, such as your studies, hobbies, friends, and job.

Profile of Stanley Woodard, NASA Aerospace Engineer

Profile of Stanley Woodard, NASA Aerospace Engineer Dr. Stanley E Woodard, is an aerospace engineer at NASA Langley Research Center. Stanley Woodard received his doctorate in mechanical engineering from Duke University in 1995. Woodard also has bachelors and masters degrees in engineering from Purdue and Howard University, respectively. Since coming to work at NASA Langley in 1987, Stanley Woodard has earned many NASA awards, including three Outstanding Performance Awards and a Patent Award. In 1996, Stanley Woodard won the Black Engineer of the Year Award for Outstanding Technical Contributions. In 2006, he was one of four researchers at NASA Langley recognized by the 44th Annual RD 100 Awards in the electronic equipment category. He was a 2008 NASA Honor Award Winner for exceptional service in the research and development of advanced dynamics technologies for NASA missions. Magnetic Field Response Measurement Acquisition System Imagine a wireless system thats truly wireless. It doesnt need a battery or a receiver, unlike most wireless sensors that must be electrically connected to a power source, so it can safely be put almost anywhere. The cool thing about this system is that we can make sensors that dont need any connections to anything, said Dr. Stanley E. Woodard, senior scientist at NASA Langley. And we can completely encapsulate them in any electrically nonconductive material, so they can be put in lots of different locations and protected from the environment around them. Plus we can measure different properties using the same sensor. NASA Langley scientists initially came up with the idea of the measurement acquisition system to improve aviation safety. They say airplanes could use this technology in a number of locations. One would be fuel tanks where a wireless sensor would virtually eliminate the possibility of fires and explosions from faulty wires arcing or sparking. Another would be landing gear. That was where the system was tested in partnership with landing gear manufacturer, Messier-Dowty, Ontario, Canada. A prototype was installed in a landing gear shock strut to measure hydraulic fluid levels. The technology allowed the company to easily measure levels while the gear was moving for the first time ever and cut the time to check the fluid level from five hours to one second. Traditional sensors use electrical signals to measure characteristics, such as weight, temperature, and others. NASAs new technology is a small hand-held unit that uses magnetic fields to power sensors and gather measurements from them. That eliminates wires and the need for direct contact between the sensor and the data acquisition system. Measurements that were difficult to do before because of implementation logistics and environment are now easy with our technology, said Woodard. He is one of four researchers at NASA Langley recognized by the 44th Annual RD 100 Awards in the electronic equipment category for this invention. List of Issued Patents #7255004, August 14, 2007, Wireless fluid level measuring systemA level-sensing probe positioned in a tank is divided into sections with each section including (i) a fluid-level capacitive sensor disposed along the length thereof, (ii) an inductor electrically coupled to the capacitive sensor, (iii) a sensor antenna positioned for inductive coupl7231832, June 19, 2007, System and method for detecting cracks and their location.A system and method are provided for detecting cracks and their location in a structure. A circuit coupled to a structure has capacitive strain sensors coupled sequentially and in parallel to one another. When excited by a variable magnetic field, the circuit has a resonant frequency tha#7159774, January 9, 2007, Magnetic field response measurement acquisition systemMagnetic field response sensors designed as passive inductor-capacitor circuits produce magnetic field responses whose harmonic frequencies correspond to states of physical properties for which the s ensors measure. Power to the sensing element is acquired using Faraday induction. #7086593, August 8, 2006, Magnetic field response measurement acquisition systemMagnetic field response sensors designed as passive inductor-capacitor circuits produce magnetic field responses whose harmonic frequencies correspond to states of physical properties for which the sensors measure. Power to the sensing element is acquired using Faraday induction.#7075295, July 11, 2006, Magnetic field response sensor for conductive mediaA magnetic field response sensor comprises an inductor placed at a fixed separation distance from a conductive surface to address the low RF transmissivity of conductive surfaces. The minimum distance for separation is determined by the sensor response. The inductor should be separat#7047807, May 23, 2006, Flexible framework for capacitive sensingA flexible framework supports electrically-conductive elements in a capacitive sensing arrangement. Identical frames are arranged end-to-end with adjacent frames being capable of rotational movement therebetween. Each frame has first and second passages extending therethrough and par #7019621, March 28, 2006, Methods and apparatus to increase sound quality of piezoelectric devicesA piezoelectric transducer comprises a piezoelectric component, an acoustic member attached to one of the surfaces of the piezoelectric component and a dampening material of low elastic modulus attached to one or both surfaces of the piezoelectric transducer.#6879893, April 12, 2005, Tributary analysis monitoring systemA monitoring system for a fleet of vehicles includes at least one data acquisition and analysis module (DAAM) mounted on each vehicle in the fleet, a control module on each vehicle in communication with each DAAM, and terminal module located remotely with respect to the vehicles in the#6259188, July 10, 2001, Piezoelectric vibrational and acoustic alert for a personal communication deviceAn alert apparatus for a personal communication device includes a mechanically prestressed piezoelectric wafer positioned within the personal communication device and an alternating voltag e input line coupled at two points of the wafer where polarity is recognized.

TRANSPORTATION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

TRANSPORTATION - Essay Example While in the harbour act, a number of proposals can be adhered to so as to come up with the new terminal for example, the HRO (Harbour Revision Order, as used in the ABP proposal kin the development of a new terminal at Dibden Bay). The HBO is divided into four parts each with a specific responsibility to cover. The parts are as follows; Part I, which covers the development,processes i.e. the terminal construction. Either part II, which provides for landscaping works in the areas covered in the Order Plans and proposals, which may be creation, or diversion and stopping of the rights of way as stipulated for the public. Part III, which allows the ABP to acquire any land required for the creation of the new terminal. Part IV, which covers all the other matters (miscellaneous) that relate to the public as in replacement of open spaces meant for public. If the HBO is to be considered, the National policy must be applied whereby the policies must reflect a better quality of life, new deal for transport and sustainabledistribution. Included in the National policy is the Modern Ports Policy which is the relevant part in reference to the creation of a new terminal. The modern ports policy is a core part in the National policy. The modern ports policy brings out the fact that UK depends on international trade. It states that a port is to serve the interest of the nation, support the competition, and handle demands of the UK trade. Currently the port of Southampton is not able to meet the demands of all the customers, so the building of a new terminal will have the situation improve and not deteriorate. The policies should be covered in descending order, from international policies, regional policies and local policies. Presently the project will be at an advantage because of geographical advantages that Southamptonhas shipping advantages. After the external policies have been covered, the internal policies should follow after. Internal

The Role of Strategic Communication in Relation to Professionalism Essay

The Role of Strategic Communication in Relation to Professionalism - Essay Example The number of professional public relations officers has been on the rise over the last years. Moreover, the number of women in the profession surpassed that of men in the US in the 1980s. This can be attributed to the fact that the number of women entering the workforce has been on the rise as compared to the past decade in which many women were housewives. The status of the job was lowered when women became the majority of workers, which resulted in low salaries, and the exclusion of the professionals from important decision-making organs of an organization. This resulted in many scholars referring to the job as a women’s work. The number of women in the workforce started to increase during the Second World War because most of men in the society were engaged in war. When the men started to trickle back in the communities, women had no choice but to go back to their more feminine jobs of motherhood and housekeeping . Â  The role that social media is playing in terms of adver tisements of an organization’s products is immense. This implies that all organizations aspiring to remain in the ever-increasing competitive world of business has to have people with abilities to tap the social media’s potential. This cannot be achieved if organization does not hire the right people and define their roles clearly. Definition of duties means that the public relations professionals understand exactly what to do and when. Studies have established that the functions of the public relations.... This means that the time taken to send information from the source to the recipient is minimal and as a result, the right people receive the intended message through the best means. The number of professional public relations officers has been on the rise over the last years. Moreover, the number of women in the profession surpassed that of men in the US in the 1980s. This can be attributed to the fact that the number of women entering the workforce has been on the rise as compared to the past decade in which many women were housewives. The status of the job was lowered when women became the majority of workers, which resulted in low salaries, and the exclusion of the professionals from important decision-making organs of an organization. This resulted in many scholars referring to the job as a women’s work. The number of women in the workforce started to increase during the Second World War because most of men in the society were engaged in war. When the men started to trickl e back in the communities, women had no choice but to go back to their more feminine jobs of motherhood and housekeeping3. The role that social media is playing in terms of advertisements of an organization’s products is immense. This implies that all organizations aspiring to remain in the ever-increasing competitive world of business has to have people with abilities to tap the social media’s potential. This cannot be achieved if organization does not hire the right people and define their roles clearly. Definition of duties means that the public relations professionals understand exactly what to do and when. The main role of public relations is enhancing the image of an organization. The media portrays the public relations department

Deontological Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Deontological Ethics - Essay Example The deontological moral systems define the reasons why certain actions are performed. Additionally, the systems do not approve following the correct moral rules as sufficient. It demands the people to follow the moral rules with the correct motivation. Furthermore, only the correct motivation could not justify the action in a deontological moral system. Nevertheless, a correct motivation cannot describe if an action is morally correct and cannot determine the correct duty to follow. There are key questions in deontological ethical systems. The key questions include â€Å"what is my moral duty?† â€Å"What are my moral obligations?† And â€Å"how do I weigh one moral duty against another?† Examples of deontological ethical theories include divine command, duty and rights theories, monistic deontology and contractarianism,. Divine command set their moral obligations from a god. For examples, the Muslims believe an action is morally correct whenever it goes hand in hand with the rules established by Allah. Duty theories define their action as morally correct if it abides by some list of duties and obligations. Duty based theories are the most successful and the strongest. Rights theories define an action to be morally correct if it respects the human rights. Contractarianism defines an action to be morally right if it abides by the rules that rational moral agents would observe when entering a social relationship. Monistic deontology defines an action is morally right it abides by some single deontological principle that guides the other subsidiary principles (Richard & Yvonne 150-300). There are many factors that make duty theories the most successful. The theory demands an action to abide by some list of duties and obligations if it wants to be morally right. Immanuel Kant was the philosopher behind Kantian duty based ethics. According to Kant, it would be possible to use

Argument essay for or against the DREAM Act (Development, Relief and

Argument for or against the DREAM Act (Development, Relief and Education for Alien Minors) - Essay Example Therefore, they share a lot in common with second generation Americans since for most of their life has been spent in the USA. Having grown up here, they would have little or no attachment to their country of origin. Usually, they are bicultural and sometimes bilingual; however, they speak fluent English (65). A good number do not have an idea they are actually undocumented immigrants. The situation is so until they apply for college or a driver’s license. Once they apply for these legal documents, they realize they do not have Social Security numbers and other documents that are needed. This paper offers an in-depth analysis of the DREAM Act and supports it. The experiences these youths go through can be discouraging. They represent broken dreams, shattered hope and lost ambitions. Since most of them have lived in the U.S almost all their lives, they complete their education here. In school, they take roles of athletes, valedictorians, class presidents and honor roll students (Perez 115). They are aspired to be teachers, doctors, scientists and engineers like all other children in America. However, the fact that they are documented immigrants, their lives change dramatically. Their day-to-day lives took a completely different course and their futures are no longer certain. They can neither work nor vote. As a matter of fact, something as ordinary as driving is a pleasure they cannot enjoy. At times, some are deported to a country they do not know at all. They are a direct result of economic and political significance. Sadly, only about 5-10% of these undocumented young high school graduates make it to college (110). This is usually because they cannot afford to pay their tuition or because they are not allowed to enroll. Typically, they do not even finish high school and thus end up in gangs and other illegal activities. The Development, Relief and Education for Alien Minors (DREAM Act) has however to the rescue of these helpless high school graduates. The DREAM Act offers a pathway for them to attain legal status for undocumented high school graduates every year. The DREAM Act was introduced by Representative Howard Berman and Senator Richard Durbin on May 11th, 2011. Today, the DREAM Act has 2 co-sponsors in the House and an overwhelming 32 in the Senate. Organizations from States in the United including California, Kentucky, Oklahoma and New York have come together in order to support the DRAM act (American Immigration Council). Many undocumented students and their classmates as well as teachers have met up with their members of congress, held rallies, sent letters and even staged hunger strikes in the hopes of making this act a reality. In June 2010, an undocumented student who studies in Harvard was held in detention. After this incident, Harvard president Drew Faust stated that these children need to be given a chance to pursue their post secondary education in their country. The DREAM act has more advantages than disadvanta ges. The DREAM act will boost the economy of the United States as well as the labor in the US. Additionally, the Act will jumpstart the process to citizenship (American Immigration Council). This will be a huge investment on human capital and service to the US. Since DREAM act beneficiaries are all high school graduates, it means that they will get decent jobs. This way, there will be more taxable income in the country and thus in return more revenue for the government. On average a college graduate earns $750,000 throughout their lifetime more than the high school graduate (American Immigration Council). In addition, the Dream Act allows talented individuals to remain in the United States (Arnold 95).

Interview Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Interview - Assignment Example Latifah insisted that she is controlled and restricted by sharia since Quran does not allow her to dispute or do anything inconsistent with sharia. She said that every action that is not commendable or is not as per Allah’s commands and teachings may make subject a Muslim to trouble in the Day of Judgment. It is therefore required of her, as a Muslim to abstain from committing sin or getting involved in any form of undesirable act. As a Muslim, Latifah said that she is obliged to humble herself in prayer and show gentleness while debating with people. She also added that she is expected to shoo patience and perseverance while undergoing persecution or even oppression while facing the enemy as per Allah’s instructions and commands. Additionally, she confirmed to me that she is forced to adhere to the Islamic morals whether she benefits or not from them without caring what non-Muslims think about her. She said that everything she does ranging from her talks to her style o f clothing is purely based on morality and the general moral health of a society. Latifah said that the notion that a Muslim woman is uncontrollably oppressed by the culture, which is profoundly ingrained in the society, is very wrong and misleading. She said that Islamic culture and morals have to the highest degree contributed to the coercion of a Muslim woman as keenly explained in this piece of writing.The patriarchal domination has sharply developed the foundation in which a Muslim woman’s status is discriminated. The administrations, for instance, in Iran and Saudi Arabia have upheld their status quo regarding the women’s place in the society simply because the Quran requires them to. As a Muslim woman, Latifah said that sharia law requires her social status to remain low right from her residence, learning institutions and as a final point in matrimony. It all over again begins from marriage flipside to the social order. She said that what others call discriminat ion and male chauvinism in Islamic world has saved marriages and maintained a strong societal values. However, she asserts that her right as a Muslim woman has not been infringed in any way. According to the Islamic culture, men are reputed to be superior to their female matching part. However, Quran defines women as a mother whom her feet, paradise lies. A woman is also regarded as a daughter, sister of men and a wife who acts as a source of comfort for their husbands. There is therefore sense of gender equality as per Allah’s teachings that greatly differ from the popular assumption that a Muslim woman is oppressed. Women are considered important in the society because they are responsible for nurturing, reformation and infusion of principles and faith into the souls of both men and women. Nevertheless, she pointed out that there are some cultures and beliefs that are not Islamic that seem to oppress women in the society. Latifah gave an example of lack of proper education amongst women to be contributed by the society’s culture and traditions but not a Quran requirement. Muslim women are not stripped of their morality and chastity as women in other parts of the world who are depicted badly or rather immorally in the media and even in the society. Latifah said that their dressing style is very respectful and does not expose her body parts for the public to see. She said that contradicting the Sharia and its morals may land someone to immoral behaviors that some people call civilization. She believes that

Unemployment in America Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Unemployment in America - Research Paper Example Unemployment in America The analysis then is extended to examine a variety of macroeconomic concerns that have been argued to contribute to unemployment. In these regards, the research argues that Federal spending and the increasing National Debt are major areas of concern regarding investment that could contribute to improved unemployment. It then demonstrates that the very nature of the American political and economic sectors contain significant structural elements that are contributing to the country’s high and rising unemployment rate. Background After the Great Depression, the United States experienced unprecedented economic growth and progress almost until the end of the XX century. During the early years of the XXI century, this growth continued in sometimes staggering proportions with house prices steadily rising and Americans enjoying sizeable employment success. In 2008, this stopped. With the sub-prime mortgage crisis leading the charge, America and, eventually, the world economy experienc ed perhaps the greatest economic collapse since the Great Depression. American unemployment rose to staggering rates, leaving citizens and politicians equally perplexed about the future. Even as some progress has been made in staving off the tide of unemployment, including lackluster reform policies, in great part the American economy is still experiencing a large number of problems, most prominently in terms of employment. One of the overarching considerations in regards to unemployment in America is the unemployment rate. The unemployment rate, as the name indicates, is a statistical measure established by the United States government; it indicates the amount of Americans that are currently unemployed. The American unemployment rate over the last decade demonstrates a number of trends, some of them highly problematic. Unemployment Rate 2002-2007 While the unemployment rate was at a slightly high but manageable 5% at the beginning of the ten-year period, it lowered significantly through 2007 (Hupp 12). While the exact causes of this lowered rate are complex and multi-varied, a reasonable assumption can be made that the infusion of capital into the American economy coupled with technological innovation that placed the United States at the forefront of development greatly contributed to these shifting trends. Still, perhaps more problematic is the recognition that this declining unemployment rate  œ nearly reaching 4% in 2007 – is greatly contrasted with the startling spike caused by the 2008 recession (Hupp 12). Unemployment 2007-2009 The spike in the unemployment rate during 2007-2009 demands specific consideration be given to the juxtaposition of these rates and the potential causes of the Great Recession. This research argues that the declining unemployment rate between 2003 and 2007 is at least partly attributable to a bubble economy that was brought on by inflated home prices. The eventual mortgage crisis that would lead to the recessionary period and spike in unemployment was at least partially caused by a correction in the true value and production of the American economy. The Economist points out that even when the economy begins to recover certain job sectors may never see pre-recession employment figures. It argues that: â€Å"The past decade’s jobs in retail and in entertainment were largely supported by household borrowing. Not only is a new wave o f borrowing unlikely to develop after the

Cultural Dimensions Affect Negotiations In The Film Business Essay

Cultural Dimensions Affect Negotiations In The Film Business Essay In this highly globalised society in business, numerous global firms are struggling to produce profits and to maximise efficiency. It leads changes of many aspects in structural systems such as production, logistics customer service and so forth. One of derived system to maximise efficiency is outsourcing. A precise definition of outsourcing has not defined clearly yet, it is often viewed as involving the contracting out of a business function to an external provider (Overby 2007) India, where has big scale of population and suffers great population explosion, provides low-priced labour power to global companies, so that makes they create effect of cost reduction. It is clearly portrayed in the movie Outsourced (2006). An American company decides to outsource its call centre to India and an American director, Todd Anderson, is dispatched and commands his Indian employees. In the process, the movie shows that Toad repeats trials and errors and makes a goal achievement through negotiation and motivation for employees. In this paper, it will be analysed how director has done for negotiation in terms of cultural dimension and the way he has motivated employees in the view of motivation theories. Cultural dimensions affect negotiations in the film There have been shown a few negotiation scenes in the film. First of all, according to Hofstedes framework (1980), power distance is the extent to which less powerful members of organisations accept the unequal distribution. The negotiation scene between David and Todd shows that they negotiate in small power distance environment. A small power distance society is less comfortable with power differences such as class distinction organisational ranking than a large power distance culture (Hofstede 1980). It is shown in a liberated conversation between David and Todd while conversing about Todd sent out to India irrespective of rank. Todd could obviously express what he thinks that he does not want to travel to India, whereas it is hardly possible in large power distance culture where a person in a high-level position treats those at lower levels with dignity, but the differences in rank are always clear (Hofstede 1980). In addition, this negotiation is occurred in an American company. According to Hofstede (2001), an index of U.S. power distance is 40 which means American society has relatively small power distance compared to countries has a large power distance such Japan, Venezuela and India. This index supports that they are like to have a small power distance dimension. Another cultural dimension can affect the negotiation is masculinity. In a masculine society, the tough values including success, money, assertiveness, and competition are dominant (Hofstede 2001). While negotiating each other, Todd exposes his assertiveness about going to India and David also menaces Todd with immediate dismissal if he does not move. It can be seen that U.S. index is 62 in the Hofstedes uncertainty avoidance index, which means U.S. is quite a masculine society. Furthermore, it can be seen that they are in a low-context culture. Halls high and low context cultural framework (1976) explains differences in communication styles among cultures. As stated by Hall (1976), a high-context communication or message is one in which most of the information is either in the physical context or internalised in the person, while very little is in the coded, explicit, transmitted part of the message and a low-context communication is just the opposite. The way Todd exposes his opinion is straight, precisely conveys what he feels like the situation rather than utilising means of tones of voice, timing and facial expression which are considered as major means in high-context culture. U.S. is classified as low-context country by Hall as well (Hall 1976). In this negotiation, it is also seen that Todd seeks after the dimension of affective autonomy. On the word of Schwartz (1992), affective autonomy focuses on individuals independently pursuing positive experiences that make them feel good, and value is put on pleasure and an exciting and varied life. Before he moves to India, the level of his cultural dimension is exactly at the level of only understanding his own culture, not that of understanding others, which means his home country is the only place where can fulfil him affectively. At last, he moves to India and has suffered from unlike culture and atmosphere at the adjustment period. For instance, he really wanted to have a beef burger, but he could not get it at last (he actually got one, but it was not a Beef burger), which can be easily found everywhere in U.S. He also feels pain when he rings girl friend, checks that she is with another guy. Second negotiation is observed in the scene when Todd gets to India and is in process of discord with Indian employees, especially his assistance, Puro, due to cultural differences. Firstly, there is a scene that shows glasses which is located between his office and employees area in the call centre. What he asks Puro is not delivered on time and Todd is not able to understand this situation and annoyed. This can be comprehended in terms of difference of sequential time and synchronous time. According to Trompenaars dimensions of culture (1993), people in sequential time cultures do one thing at a time, make appointments and arrive on time, and generally stick schedules, while people in synchronic time cultures do several activities simultaneously, the time for appointments is approximate, and interpersonal relationships are more important than schedule. Todd, who is from a sequential time country, thinks that every procedure is supposed to be made on time and cannot understand the w ay Puro deals with the task and audaciously reacts against his inquiry. Puro also does not recognise why Todd is upset since Puro is from more synchronous time culture. He just believes that it is acceptable regardless of timing, if delivery is achieved at certain point of time. In addition, Todd desires to secure his territory in the office. According to Kluckhohn and Strodtbecks variations in values orientations (1961), in a society that values privacy such as the U.S., employees think it is important to have their own space. Because privacy is highly valued, higher-status members of an organisation often have larger, more private space (Kluckhohn Strodtbeck 1961). It seems that Todd thinks he needs his own private territory to control loose and unorganised environment by securing it. Secondly, difference of cultural dimension is shown in the scene that Indian employees take some refreshments at some point of work hour. Puro brings some to Todd, but it irritates Todd as he regards it as an unnecessary action. Puro says that he just wants to care him. Puros behaviour in this scene is able to be considered in perspective of femininity. Feminine cultures place importance on tender values such as personal relationship, care for others, the quality of life, and service (Hofstede 1980). People in masculine society like Todd are difficult to understand to an opposed society and think masculine tough values such as success, money and competition are much more important rather than caring for others (Hofstede 1980). Finally Todd grasps Puros real intention and apologises to him. Todd also negotiates with Indian culture itself. At his beginning period in India, he only sticks to his way and shows intention not to admit and accept Indian cultural dimensions. He also argues Indian employees to learn American culture. However, He has changed his mind after some happenings such as Holi, a celebration of colors, and accepting Ashas advice. His behavioural change indicates the dimension of harmony. Schwartz (1992) says that the harmony value type emphasises understanding and fitting in with the environment, rather than trying to change it. Since Todd has accepted this dimension, he wins the public confidence from the locals including his employees and he could makes satisfaction for his life as well. Theories of motivation to Todds experiences throughout the film Motivation is a crucial organisational concept and is undoubtedly needed to run a company properly by inspiring each business constituent member. Robinson defines motivation as the willingness to exert high levels of effort toward organisational goals, conditioned by the efforts ability to satisfy some individual need (1996, p.212). There are two kinds of motivation theories, content and process. Content theories focus on the what, identifying factors that cause people to put effort into work and process theories concern the how, the steps an individual takes in putting forth effort (IBUS 2012 reader, p. 125). It is seen that there are a few scenes to motivate some players in the film. First of all, David tries to let Todd go to India but he resists the offer. In this process, David suggests him to allot stock option as the reward in case of he reaches the goal proposed, otherwise he must quit his job. Todd, in fact, does not want to work aboard, but has to follow Davids suggestion as he has a need to maintain his current status. Psychologist Abraham Maslow (1954) suggested that human beings five basic needs form a hierarchy: from physiological, to safety, to social, to esteem, to self-actualisation needs. If Todd decides not to go to India, he would suffer from financial shortage. That is, two bottom needs of Maslows model, physiological and safety and security needs, would be threatened due to it. It is similar in case that he does not accomplish the offered objective unless he travels to India. However, in this case, Todd can struggle to make the goal so that he is able to stay plus eve n get reward. These goal and reward provide him motivation for his needs. This situation is connected with goal setting theory as well. According to Locke and Latham (1990), goal setting theory focuses on the effect that the setting of goals has on performance. The theory is based on the idea that people are motivated by intentions to work toward a goal (Locke 1968). Goals motivate employees to satisfy higher performance level. In the film, Todd has done everything he can do in order to decrease MPI (Minutes Per Incident) to six, which seems impossible at the beginning stage of the movie. However, he finally achieves the goal and goal setting affects his work process to some extent. On the other hand, Todd could achieve the aimed MPI goal at the end of the film and one of the motive powers, could accomplish it, is from Indian employees support. It could be attained since Todd has begun to understand their inherent culture. When he holds fast to his view at the beginning, he is just a stranger and the whole team could not be as one. By the time he harmonises with employees, MPI index has started to drop off. It can be explained in view of McClellands learned needs theory (1966, 1985). McClelland proposed that three major needs influence peoples behaviour and these needs are not instinctive desires as in Maslows theory, but learned. The need that Todd learned in the film is need for affiliation. It is a concern for establishing and maintaining social relationships, people who have a high need for affiliation like close, friendly relationships with others and prefer cooperative rather than competitive situations (McClelland 1966, 1985). By developing and motivating relationship with employees, the whole team could reach the goal in cooperative way. Motivation for Indian workers and affection of cultural dimension Herzbergs motivation-hygiene theory (1968; Mausner, and Snyderman 1959), often called two-factor theory, is that satisfaction and dissatisfaction represent two separate dimensions rather than opposite ends of single dimension. Herzberg (1968, 1959) believed that the resulting two factors, hygiene and motivation, have differential effects on motivation. The hygiene factors, also called extrinsic or context factors, are factors outside the job itself that influence the worker. They include company policy and administration, supervision, relationship with a supervisor, work conditions, salary and security (Herzberg 1968, 1959). In the film, Todd provides employees conditions they want, such as allowing them to wear traditional clothing and to place their personal stuff on the own desks. These are usually used to meet desires for low class worker. The motivation factor, also called intrinsic or content factors, are aspects of the job itself including achievement, recognition, interesting work, responsibility, advancement, and growth (Herzberg 19689, 1959). Todd, as a supervisor, makes a deal that the worker with the best MPI will get to pick the product of his choice from the treasure box. By doing so, it increases achievement and makes employees interesting work and the team accomplishes growth by approaching intended MPI index which is six at last. Todd motivates workers by handling these two factors effectively in ways above. Reinforcement theory also can be applied in the similar way. Skinner (1971) stated that reinforcement theory is that the environment determines peoples behaviour. If individuals receive a reward or reinforcement for what they do, it is likely that they will repeat it. If workers struggle to be the best MPI guy and once he makes it and gets reward, it will motivate workers to repeat hard-working to get to pick the reward. It is feasible because Todd has formed environment workers are able to earn incentives depending on their work achievemen t. Secondly, the expectation theory can be applied to the way they progress operation. It is the theory of motivation makes several important assumptions about peoples behaviour (Vroom 1964). It is largely broke into three parts; Effort-to-Performance expectancy, Performance-to-Outcome expectancy and Outcome Valence (Vroom 1964). Todd specially concentrates on putting effort into virtual operations and gives proper feedback for employees to increase efficiency. And by introducing reward system, it makes employees expectancy high so that it leads satisfactory level of outcome. Todd brings in appropriate method at each operation stage and it turns out positively. By analysing several negotiation and motivation situations, it has been able to be seen that different dimensions and theories can be applied, depends on every individual, individual to individual and country to country and higher to lower hierarchy. Especially the level of cultural difference in the film between India, where is high power distance and collectivism society, and U.S., where has opposition oriented society, is quite high and it could be happened in the real business world. When negotiate with someone has different background, it would be important to figure out counterparts cultural dimension. Also, it can be said that it is significant to have a precise diagnosis of subordinates to run company effectively by motivating and understand its cultural dimensions.

Studying The Database Management System

Studying The Database Management System A Database Management System is a commercial software program used to control, manipulate and maintain the Database by enabling users to access, store, organize, modify, retrieve, secure and provide integrity of data in a database. A DBMS accepts request from users or applications and instructs the operating system to transfer the appropriate data as shown in the diagram below. Wikipedia (2011) defines Database Management System as a set of computer programs that controls the creation, maintenance, and the use of a database. It allows organizations to place control of database development in the hands of database administrators (DBAs) and other specialists. A DBMS is a system software package that helps the use of integrated collection of data records and files known as databases. It allows different user application programs to easily access the same database. DBMSs may use any of a variety of database models, such as the network model or relational model. In large systems, a DBMS allows users and other software to store and retrieve data in a structured way. Instead of having to write computer programs to extract information, user can ask simple questions in a query language. Thus, many DBMS packages provide Fourth-generation programming language (4GLs) and other application development features. It helps to specify the logical organization for a database and access and use the information within a database. It provides facilities for controlling data access, enforcing data integrity, managing concurrency, and restoring the database from backups. A DBMS also provides the ability to logically present database information to users. Examples: Microsoft Access, My SQL, Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle and FileMaker Pro are all examples of database management systems. (Wikipedia, 2011). Microsoft Access: Microsoft Office Access, previously known as Microsoft Access, is a relational database management system from Microsoft that combines the relational Microsoft jet database Engine with a graphical user interface and software-development tools. It is a member of the Microsoft Office suite of applications, included in the Professional and higher editions or sold separately. In mid-May 2010, the current version Microsoft Access 2010 was released by Microsoft in Office 2010; Microsoft Office Access 2007 was the prior version. My SQL: MySQL is a relational database management system that runs as a server providing multi-user access to a number of databases. It is named after developer Michael Widenius daughter, my. The SQL phrase stands for Structured Query Language. Microsoft SQL Server: Microsoft SQL Server is a relational model database server produced by Microsoft. Its primary query languages are T-SQL and ANSI S SQL. Oracle: The Oracle Database (commonly referred to as Oracle RDBMS or simply as Oracle) is an object-relational database management system (ORDBMS), produced and marketed by Oracle Corporation. FileMaker Pro: FileMaker Pro is a cross-platform relational database application from FileMaker Inc., formerly Claris, a subsidiary of Apple Inc. It integrates a database engine with a GUI-based interface, allowing users to modify the database by dragging new elements into layouts, screens, or forms. Advantages Singh (2009) illustrates advantages and disadvantages of DBMS. A true DBMS offers several advantages over file processing. The principal advantages of a DBMS are the followings: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Flexibility: Because programs and data are independent, programs do not have to be modified when types of unrelated data are added to or deleted from the database, or when physical storage changes. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Fast response to information requests: Because data are integrated into a single database, complex requests can be handled much more rapidly then if the data were located in separate, non-integrated files. In many businesses, faster response means better customer service. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Multiple access: Database software allows data to be accessed in a variety of ways (such as through various key fields) and often, by using several programming languages (both 3GL and nonprocedural 4GL programs). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Lower user training costs: Users often find it easier to learn such systems and training costs may be reduced. Also, the total time taken to process requests may be shorter, which would increase user productivity. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Less storage: Theoretically, all occurrences of data items need be stored only once, thereby eliminating the storage of redundant data. System developers and database designers often use data normalization to minimize data redundancy. Warehouse of information, where large data can be stored. Systematic storage meaning data can be stored in the form of tables. Change of schema meaning it is not platform dependent tables can be edited to add new ones without hampering the applications. No language dependence meaning use of various languages on various platforms. Table joins meaning data can be in two or more tables and can be put into one table this enables easy retrieval of data. Data security meaning DBMS secures all your data. The data independence and efficient access of data Easy in data administration or data management. Provides concurrent access, recovers the data from the crashes. Disadvantages A database system generally provides on-line access to the database for many users. In contrast, a conventional system is often designed to meet a specific need and therefore generally provides access to only a small number of users. Because of the larger number of users accessing the data when a database is used, the enterprise may involve additional risks as compared to a conventional data processing system in the following areas. Confidentiality, privacy and security. Data quality. Data integrity. Enterprise vulnerability may be higher. The cost of using DBMS. Confidentiality, Privacy and Security When information is centralised and is made available to users from remote locations, the possibilities of abuse are often more than in a conventional data processing system. To reduce the chances of unauthorised users accessing sensitive information, it is necessary to take technical, administrative and, possibly, legal measures. Most databases store valuable information that must be protected against deliberate trespass and destruction. Data Quality Since the database is accessible to users remotely, adequate controls are needed to control users updating data and to control data quality. With increased number of users accessing data directly, there are enormous opportunities for users to damage the data. Unless there are suitable controls, the data quality may be compromised. Data Integrity Since a large number of users could be using a database concurrently, technical safeguards are necessary to ensure that the data remain correct during operation. The main threat to data integrity comes from several different users attempting to update the same data at the same time. The database therefore needs to be protected against inadvertent changes by the users. Enterprise Vulnerability Centralising all data of an enterprise in one database may mean that the database becomes an indispensible resource. The survival of the enterprise may depend on reliable information being available from its database. The enterprise therefore becomes vulnerable to the destruction of the database or to unauthorised modification of the database. The Cost of using a DBMS Conventional data processing systems are typically designed to run a number of well-defined, pre-planned processes. Such systems are often tuned to run efficiently for the processes that they were designed for. Although the conventional systems are usually fairly inflexible in that new applications may be difficult to implement and/or expensive to run, they are usually very efficient for the applications they are designed for. The database approach on the other hand provides a flexible alternative where new applications can be developed relatively inexpensively. The flexible approach is not without its costs and one of these costs is the additional cost of running applications that the conventional system was designed for. Using standardised software is almost always less machine efficient than specialised software. Cost of hardware and software meaning having to upgrade the hardware used for file based system it is very costly. Cost of data conversion meaning its costly to convert data of data files into database and have to hire database and system designers. Cost of staff training meaning organization has to be aid a lot of amount for the training of staff to run dms. Database damage meaning all data stored into a single file if database is damaged due to electric failure or database is corrupted on a storage media meaning all valuable data may be lost forever. It also takes a lot of time and effort to get DBMS started. Benefits of a Database Management System in an organization As discuss by the Ezinearticles (2011), organizations often times find themselves in a dilemma on how they can effectively serve the needs of their members. At the same time, they also enter a situation wherein there is difficulty in handling data, given the sheer volume of information. More often than not, the results of these instances are not anything but desirable; confusion, chaos, mismanagement, lost confidence by members, etc. To solve these problems, organizations turn to information technology (IT) experts for answers. With many years of experience in coming up with solutions for businesses and other entities, IT professionals have what it takes to come up with an effective data management and accreditation system that will be used by organizations. There must also be enhanced accessibility to the said system, which means that members from other locations can still gain entry into the system, regardless of elements such as time and geography. Investing on the services of IT consultants is, however, not like buying something from a store. It entails huge sums of money to come up with a good data management and accreditation system for an organization, aside from engaging the professional services of IT experts. Fortunately, IT experts can help minimize the cost through the creation of a database system based on existing resources being held by the organization. Investing on the services of IT experts and having a good data and accreditation management system may seem to be too costly, but the long-term benefits are worthy to be seen. By having a good database system, it will be much easier for organizations to deal with their members because of enhanced access to information. The placement of additional pieces of information can be done better if there is a good data management system. Having a good data and accreditation management system empowers members of an organization. This is possible because they have the ability to gain the necessary information about things that matter to them as members. They conduction of business with the organizations intervention is made faster and more efficient if a good data management system is in place. There is no reason for organizations to hesitate when it comes to investing on a good data and accreditation management system. The long-term benefits of having one are far greater than the costs, and will be very helpful to the organization and their members in the long run. Improved strategic use of corporate data. Reduced complexity of the organizations information systems environment. Reduced data redundancy and inconsistency. Enhanced data integrity. Application-data independence. Improved security. Reduced application development and maintenance costs. Improved flexibility of information systems. Increased access and availability of data and information. (Blurtit, 2011). Prospects in DBMS and Career Opportunities The work of a database administrator (DBA) varies according to the nature of the employing organisation and the level of responsibility associated with the post. The work may be pure maintenance or it may also involve specialising in database development. Prospects, the UKs official career website (2011) states that jobs available in this field are: Senior Database Architect Database Architect design and builds database structure and objects that best support operational and analytics application. Tests and debug physical database objects for performance and troubleshooting. * Design and implement optimal star and snowflake schema in the database * Communicate and collaborate with team members and management on the designed database structures and schemas * Write and present eloquently with the appropriate audience perspective in mind * Support troubleshooting of production issues of existing application as warranted * Participate in collaborative discussions with team members to monitor progress against enhancement queue and bug resolution. * Stay proactive in identifying potential risks/issues due to the overall application design and make recommendations. Database Administrator This position requires a Top Secret Security Clearance. This position will support a US Air Force Contract. The successful candidate will be responsible for planning, coordinating and administering computerized databases, including base definition, structure, documentation, long and short range requirements, operational guidelines, protection and logical-physical database design. Formulates and monitors policies, procedures and standards relating to database management. Identifies, evaluates and recommends relevant COTS software tools. Collaborate with software engineers, security administration, computer operations, network management and system administration to ensure quality and integrity of databases, application software and data. Responsible for performance monitoring, database. Database Architect Specialist Database Architect design and builds database structure and objects that best support operational and analytics application. Tests and debug physical database objects for performance and troubleshooting. * Design and implement optimal star and snowflake schema in the database * Communicate and collaborate with team members and management on the designed database structures and schemas * Write and present eloquently with the appropriate audience perspective in mind * Support troubleshooting of production issues of existing application as warranted * Participate in collaborative discussions with team members to monitor progress against enhancement queue and bug resolution. * Stay proactive in identifying potential risks/issues due to the overall application design and make recommendations. Database Administration Consultant Evaluates new database technologies and tools, sets database system and programming standards, applies database technology to business problems and manages the development and production database environments with emphasis on security, availability and performance. Provides database services in compliance with all audit and regulatory requirements. The ideal candidate must be experienced in the management of Oracle E-Business 11.5.10.2 including installation, upgrade, patching, cloning, backup and recovery, monitoring, tuning, security, and definition of procedures for custom development. The ideal candidate must be experienced in the implementation and management of Oracle E-Business 11.5.10.2 as configured for the Oracle Massive Availability Architecture. Senior Database Engineer Responsible for requirements analysis, software development and installation, integration, evaluation, enhancement, maintenance, testing, and problem diagnosis and resolution. Qualifications: Bachelors degree with ten (10) years experience as a Database Engineer in developing relational database software and experience with one or more relational database products. Preferred Additional Skills: Possess organizational and management skills, along with the ability to respond to crises objectively. Understanding of the current database management system releases. Conclusion The document that we have put together is a group assignment that was done by four individuals. Some of the problems that we faced as a group are that, we couldnt meet due to our clashing schedules; others are busy with other obligations. We would like to say that we tried to produce the best group work that we could, hopefully learnt from this experience to better ourselves for our future endeavors.

Hamlet by William Shakespeare Essay -- Hamlet William Shakespeare Essa

Hamlet by William Shakespeare A Shakespearean scene, with all of its intricacies and details, has the capacity to uncover the fundamental aspects of characters while acting as a space for precise language to lead the reader through multilayered themes, tensions, and ideas. Particularly in Shakespeare’s tragedy, Hamlet, the dense, rippling text packs provocative and meaningful language within nearly every line to compose an intricate, seamless tragic play. Specifically in the first scene of Act 3, the actions, dialogue, and movements of each character involved creates a momentum of revelation for the reader regarding central character, Hamlet, and the breadth of his character. Every major, influential character of the play—King Claudius, Queen Gertrude, Polonius, Ophelia, Rosencrantz, Guildenstern and, of course, Hamlet—appears in 3.1 and every line of dialogue directly concerns Hamlet in one way or another. The scene exhibits the prince alone on stage in a soliloquy to illustrate his inne rmost thoughts, as well as in the presence of others; thus, the reader learns of Hamlet’s propensity to feel, think, or say one thing, while his actions do not always cohere with his thoughts or speech. In this way, one of Hamlet’s tragic character flaws lends itself to the aforementioned discord between thinking and acting, and the scene chronicles the ways in which his dissonance profoundly affects the major themes and characters of the play. Scene 3.1 first unfolds with King Claudius, Queen Gertrude, Polonius and Hamlet’s cronies Rosencrantz and Guildenstern in anxious dialogue concerning Hamlet’s recent shift in disposition. Claudius refers to Hamlet’s recent state as a put-on of â€Å"confusion† (3.1.2) and a â€Å"turbulent and d... ...impressive ability to move and shape the play’s characters in such a way that the threads of language create a complex web between the layers of each character involved. In this way, the psychology of the characters gains autonomy from the bounds of authorship through the very language of the text and begs to move freely within the text. Shakespeare entrusted an enormous power into Hamlet’s character, especially, because though he acts tentatively and waveringly, the character of him, including his disposition, manners, speech and outward exhibitions, adhere to the other characters of the play as puppet strings, and he inspires almost all of their actions because of his own reluctance to initiate movement. This interdependence of the minutiae of the complex text contributes to the achieved brilliance and long-lived speculation regarding Shakespeare’s tragic play. Hamlet by William Shakespeare Essay -- Hamlet William Shakespeare Essa Hamlet by William Shakespeare A Shakespearean scene, with all of its intricacies and details, has the capacity to uncover the fundamental aspects of characters while acting as a space for precise language to lead the reader through multilayered themes, tensions, and ideas. Particularly in Shakespeare’s tragedy, Hamlet, the dense, rippling text packs provocative and meaningful language within nearly every line to compose an intricate, seamless tragic play. Specifically in the first scene of Act 3, the actions, dialogue, and movements of each character involved creates a momentum of revelation for the reader regarding central character, Hamlet, and the breadth of his character. Every major, influential character of the play—King Claudius, Queen Gertrude, Polonius, Ophelia, Rosencrantz, Guildenstern and, of course, Hamlet—appears in 3.1 and every line of dialogue directly concerns Hamlet in one way or another. The scene exhibits the prince alone on stage in a soliloquy to illustrate his inne rmost thoughts, as well as in the presence of others; thus, the reader learns of Hamlet’s propensity to feel, think, or say one thing, while his actions do not always cohere with his thoughts or speech. In this way, one of Hamlet’s tragic character flaws lends itself to the aforementioned discord between thinking and acting, and the scene chronicles the ways in which his dissonance profoundly affects the major themes and characters of the play. Scene 3.1 first unfolds with King Claudius, Queen Gertrude, Polonius and Hamlet’s cronies Rosencrantz and Guildenstern in anxious dialogue concerning Hamlet’s recent shift in disposition. Claudius refers to Hamlet’s recent state as a put-on of â€Å"confusion† (3.1.2) and a â€Å"turbulent and d... ...impressive ability to move and shape the play’s characters in such a way that the threads of language create a complex web between the layers of each character involved. In this way, the psychology of the characters gains autonomy from the bounds of authorship through the very language of the text and begs to move freely within the text. Shakespeare entrusted an enormous power into Hamlet’s character, especially, because though he acts tentatively and waveringly, the character of him, including his disposition, manners, speech and outward exhibitions, adhere to the other characters of the play as puppet strings, and he inspires almost all of their actions because of his own reluctance to initiate movement. This interdependence of the minutiae of the complex text contributes to the achieved brilliance and long-lived speculation regarding Shakespeare’s tragic play.

Cognitive Consequences of Pediatric Sports-Related Concussions Essay

Results: The results of this research review provide the most current information in regards to pediatric concussion and neurological and cognitive consequences. These results support the working hypothesis that the cognitive consequences of pediatric sports-related concussions do not outweigh the benefits associated with childhood sports participation. In a cohort study (total n=200), investigators looked at return to cognitive baseline after concussion in younger versus older athletes. Participants were divided into two groups, a 13-16 year old group (n=100), and 18-22 year old group (n = 100). Each participant completed baseline and post concussion neurocognitive testing using the immediate Post-Concussion assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) test battery. Results showed that athletes 13-16 years old take longer to return to neurocognitive and symptom baselines than athletes 18-22 years old (22). In a prospective design study, 18 children with mTBI and 18 matched healthy controls (8-16 years of age) were used to compare sensitivity to simple and complex visual stimuli and to determine the evolution of visuo-perceptual performance over time. At 1, 4 and 12 weeks sensitivity to static and dynamic forms of simple (first order), complex (second order), orientation and direction identification thresholds, and radial optic flow stimuli were assessed. The results of this study demonstrate that all complex stimuli were significantly affected for the mTBI children, including at the 12 week interval. There was also no difference between groups across all testing conditions for simple, first order information (2). An observational study from 2008 looked at high school athletes and recovery patterns after concussion. Out o... ...lity following traumatic brain injury in childhood: impact of injury severity and age at injury. Pediatr Neurosurg.2000;32 :282– 290. http://search.proquest.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/docview/224152197?accountid=14667 29. McCrory, P, AM Collie, V Anderson, and G Davis. "Can We Manage Sport Related Concussion in Children the Same as in Adults?." British Journal of Sports Medicine. 38.5 (2004): 516-519. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2004.014811 30. McCrory P, Meeuwisse W, Aubry M, et al. Consensus statement on concussion in sport - the third international conference on concussion in sport held in Zurich, November 2012. Phys Sportsmed. 2013; 47:250–258 . doi:10.1136/bjsports-2013-092313 31. Purcell, Lisa. "What are the most appropriate return-to-play guidelines for concussed child athletes?" British Journal of Sports Medicine. 43.1 (2009): i51-i55. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2009.058214

King Lear Essay

â€Å"Drama is essentially about the struggle for power and the impact of this struggle on individuals. † How does Shakespeare use a range of literary conventions and writing techniques to explore this concept? Within Shakespeare’s productions the struggle for power within individuals is represented; not only in script but stage directions and writing techniques. ‘King Lear’ is a tragedy, considered to be a literary masterpiece. Throughout the coinciding plots, conflicts between tragic heroes and their ‘loyal’ followers develop the major ideas of the play. The nature of the world, betrayal and loyalty are all themes that form the basis of these conflicts. Inevitably these themes provoke the audience to side with certain characters and create modern day analogies towards specific themes in the text; good battling evil is the cornerstone of the script and the inevitable struggle to regain power. Within the script Shakespeare presents characters of great greed and ambition in the effort to gain power. Their struggle towards power is followed, Edmund seeking Gloucester’s title and Gonerill and Regan in the hunt for Lear’s land and power. Initially, the audience is presented with the ‘love test’ in which Lear’s daughters have to flatter their father into dividing the Kingdom. Consequently, Shakespeare foreshadows the repercussions of Lear’s actions through metaphor ‘We have seen the best of our time†¦ all ruinous disorders follow us disquietly to our graves†¦ we make guilty of our disasters†¦ by and influenced obedience of planetary influence’. Through Gloucester’s words the direction of the play becomes increasingly obvious. From Act I we are presented with a struggle of power and more is foreshadowed. Manipulation is also a tool used by Shakespeare to create strong emotion within the battle of good vs. evil. The storm brewing outside the Kingdom is metaphorically what is going on inside Lear’s head. At this present time Lear is full of conflict, anger and disorder much like the environment ‘one minded like the weather, most unquietly’. Shakespeare is manipulating the audience, changing their emotions in accordance to the tone of the act. Shakespeare has allowed the audience to form their own views on characters, only after providing strong persuasive symbols and intentions of their power. Symbolism is the most effective device in the text indicating how ruthless characters such as Gonerill, Regan and Edmund pursue power to satisfy their needs. Gonerill especially, when described as having a ‘wolfish visage’ and as being ‘Sharp-toothed, like a vulture’. Similarly, Regan is presented in the same light; ‘looked black†¦ most serpent like’. On a whole, the sisters are ‘animalistic’ with ‘boarish fangs’, ‘monsters of the deep’, ‘dog hearted daughters’ and ‘tigers not daughters’. Conversely Shakespeare contrasts this and conveys Cordelia with ‘saint’ like status, ‘sing like birds in a cage’. Cordelia is really the only figure to be represented positively. Through this symbol of Cordelia the audience is immediately attracted towards her. Whilst Gonerill and Regan are the epitome of evil, Cordelia by the end of the play is recognised to be the true essence of goodness. Shakespeare also provides animalistic symbolism, through Lear, whilst describing mankind. ‘poor bare forked animal’ describing man’s venerability. It also ironic in the sense, that as Lear gains a sense of being he is able to generalise mankind through the power he once had. Although Gloucester is physically blinded, Lear is personified metaphorically through his inability to see the world clearly, ‘see better, Lear’. When the sub plots finally meet, Lear’s encounter with Gloucester is beneficial as things become visible. With careful perception, it becomes increasingly obvious that Gloucester’s blinding is the physical manifestation of the mental torture Lear endures. Shakespeare includes irony after Gloucester’s physical blinding, ‘I stumbled when I saw’. He finally acknowledges his mistakes and misjudgements about his sons. In another case this may be humorous to the audience but in fact it delivers comedy of the grotesque. The audience is deeply saddened through the irony. When Gloucester could see, he couldn’t see the true colours of his sons. Conversely when he became physically blinded it was only then, that he fully understood his son’s real identities. Gloucester also becomes more perceptive with his tragedy, and is almost reiterating central ideas of the play, ‘As flies to wanton Boys, are we to the Gods; they kill us for their sport. ’ He is acting as a tool for Shakespeare to display the impact of power amongst people. That mankind is dispensable. Conflict is the underlying convention Shakespeare uses, giving the audience insight into the real motives of characters good or evil. From this we can determine who really is good, and who is fundamentally evil. The inevitable battle between Edmund and the rest of his family, Edgar and Gloucester almost drives Gloucester beyond the limits of endurance. Gloucester’s overwhelming suffering; both physically and mentally, take its toll, ‘but his heart flawed†¦burst smilingly’. Similarly, Lear is put through suffering by his ‘pelican daughters’, and grows from it. Initially he is an egotistical, self-centred man which through his suffering acknowledges that fame and power are transitory. By the end of the script Lear has developed into a philosophical, fatalistic old man. Manipulation is again used by Shakespeare but in an ironic sense, as power is destroyed, harmony is developed. As Lear reconciles with Cordelia, the background music represents Lear’s state of mind. Music is the art of combining vocal and instrumental sound to produce harmony and express emotion. The calmness of the music represents Lear’s psychological state and peace of mind, ‘my own tears do scald like molten lead’. This is ironic as Shakespeare has transformed Lear much the same as the weather. In the dark gloomy storm, Lear was fragile, compared to spring the sign of new life where he is returned to tranquillity. Shakespeare personifies the struggle for power and its convoluted effect. The script is transformed into another dimension with the use of writing techniques and literary conventions. Irony has been the cornerstone in which the central ideas of the play have been shaped, providing the reader with timeless life lesions. King Lear is a text that advocates the struggle for power and how this impacts individuals. Individuals must be aware of the addictive nature of power and be wary of its destructive ability.

Business Plan: Anti-bullying dance event Essay

Business concept Discussions initially took place within the team to find the best possible project we would enjoy planning and eventually to execute. After a number of meetings we decided on a dance event and need to identify how that could benefit the student community. We want to promote health, and upon further discussions we thought of the idea to link anti-bullying. Once we were decided on our event we decided the best place to start was with the Student Union and Student Services to identify what is currently done at the university to provide awareness/information to students and lecturers. Whilst there is a place for students to seek advice when they are being bullied none of us where initially aware of this resource, and this seemed the perfect opportunity to raise awareness to benefit the university community. Discussions with Anwar Azari (Support Services Advice and Representation Manager) and Yasmin Bastow (Vice President of Academic Support and Campaigns) took place who were both keen to assist us with the event. This also led us to Peter Lovatt (Psychologist, Dancer and Lecturer at the University of Hertfordshire) and Marcella Wright (Head of Equality) Objectives 1. Raise awareness of anti-bullying 2. To provide students the opportunity to learn about anti-bullying 3. Create awareness of the University of Hertfordshire’s zero tolerance of harassment and bullying 4. A dance event with different tutorials and a short presentation providing students and lecturers from the University to increase their knowledge on bullying, but do something fun whilst learning through linking dancing and anti-bullying. Market Research Approximately 70% of young people experience bulling (Cyber Mentors, 2011). According to Anti-bulling network (2011) bullying can occur at any time regardless of age. At the University of Hertfordshire there is a zero tolerance of harassment and bullying policy (University of Hertfordshire, 2011). Bullying UK (2011) identify that examples of bullying include name calling, damaging someone else’s possession with intent, spreading rumours, threats and intimidation. At least 20 children each year commit suicide because they are being bullied (Cyber Mentors, 2011). Primary research has been carried out to examine the demographics of students and lecturers at the University of Hertfordshire in terms of age and gender, their awareness of anti-bullying and if they would participate in our event and how much they would be capable of paying to join in. (See appendix 1 for the questionnaire and results of the research). Furthermore Dr Peter Lovatt; Psychologist, Dancer and Lecturer at the University of Hertfordshire, uses scientific research to investigate the relationship between dance and health, dance & self-esteem, dance & thinking, dance & hormones, dance & emotion recognition. He works with choreographers to create new dance works which have a psychological basis (Lovatt, 2011) In honour of International Anti-Bullying Day, two schools, David Lloyd George Elementary and Churchill’s Secondary came together to create a message about acceptance and challenge through a flashmob dance in January 2011 (MrDarrenj88, 2011) The customer groups we will be targeting are: 1. University of Hertfordshire students at Hatfield campus 2. University of Hertfordshire lecturers at Hatfield campus Risks we have identified: 1. Breakages to equipment loaned to us for the event such as the projector or sound equipment 2. Health and safety of students, lecturers and the event organisers leading up to the event and during the event 3. Weather impacting on people travelling to the event 4. No one showing up/limited interest from students and lecturers 5. Unavailable venue or equipment 6. Dance societies not being available to assist with our event Reward we have identified from the event: 1. Community awareness of bullying issues and the effects that it can have on other people 2. Creating an atmosphere for conducive learning Measure success of the event 1. Individuals from the University of Hertfordshire take part in our event 2. To ensure that they are not just taking part for ‘free’ we will also ask for feedback to assess their knowledge of bullying straight after the event. Promotion and advertising The key target market for this event is university community; students and lecturers. We plan to promote the event through a number of marketing vehicles which include: Within the university; TV screens in restaurants, notice boards, social media sites linked to the University, Universe newspaper, support from Yasmin and her team in the Student Union, support from Anwar and his team in Students Support Services, and work with the various Schools at the University to provide awareness of the event. Additionally to ensure we provide direct awareness and opportunity for students to ask questions about the event we will distribute flyers to promote the event two weeks prior to our event. Financial cost of anti-bulling dance event The cost for the event has remained zero following discussions and negotiations with the many people we have met with. A summary of the resources required for the event and how they have effectively been funded is specified below: Resource How fund ed 1. Dancers 1. Student Society and in-kind Zumba teacher 1. Audio equipment 1. Media Students 1. Projector 1. Student Union 1. Posters 1. Student Support Services 1. Printing 1. Student Support Services 1. Speakers about bullying 1. Head of Equality 1. Venue 1. Open space in the Forum 1. 1. 1. 1. ________________ References Anti-bulling network (2011) Information. Available from: http://www.antibullying.net/communitymoreinformation.htm [Accessed 1st November 2011] Bullying UK (2011) Anti-bullying Advice. Available from: http://www.bullying.co.uk/advice/anti-bullying-advice [Accessed 1st November 2011] Cyber Mentors (2011) How many people are affected by bullying? Available from: http://cybermentors.org.uk/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=19&Itemid=40 [Accessed 1st November 2011] MrDarrenj88, 2011. Anti-Bullying Flashmob January 2011. Available from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MhYyAa0VnyY [Accessed 22nd October 2011] Lovatt, P. (2011) Psychologist & Dancer. Available from http://dancedrdance.com/default.aspx [Accessed 22nd October 2011] University of Hertfordshire (2011) Student Guide to A Safe and Secure Environment. University of Hertfordshire.

David Berkowitz also known as Son of Sam is the serial murder whom I will be writing on Essay Example

David Berkowitz also known as Son of Sam is the serial murder whom I will be writing on Essay Example David Berkowitz also known as Son of Sam is the serial murder whom I will be writing on Paper David Berkowitz also known as Son of Sam is the serial murder whom I will be writing on Paper I will be discussing his child hood and the phases he went through. I will also be talking about how he was trained in weaponry and how he chose his victims, he also had the state of New York turmoil. David and his disorder of schizophrenia played a role in his killing spree of woman. I will also go into talking about his capture and time in jail. In writing about a serial murder you must first defined what a serial murder is. According to Bartol (2002) a serial murder is usually reservised for incidents in which an individual (or individuals) kills a number of individuals (usually a minimum of three) over time. The time intervals- sometimes referred to as the cooling off period- may be days or weeks, but more likely more likely months of years. The cooling off period is the main difference between serial murders and multiple murders. The murders are premeditated and planned, and the offender usually selects specific victims. Betty Flaco, his mother already had one child form a previous marriage. Betty soon began an affair with a married man. Things with her affair got disrupted when she became pregnant with David. David was born on June 1, 1953 in an undesirable circumstance. He was a product of a thirteen year affair with a business man with children of his own. The father of David vowed to leave her unless she gave up the child, so she arranged for his adoption. Three days after Davids birth Nathaniel and pearl Berkowitz brought him home. Nat and Pearl were a Jewish couple, they celebrated Sabbath every Friday and went to Temple. They gave David all the attention and affection they could. David and his family lived I a one bedroom apartment, he shared bedroom with his parents until he was nine years old. David was very close to his mother and he was kind of distant with his adopted father. David also resented his father because of the physical closeness he had with his mother. He did not like to share his mother with anyone or anything; David poisoned his mothers parakeet and also poisoned her tropical fish because his mother paid to much attention to them. His neighbors remember him as a nice looking boy but he had a violent streak, a bully who assaulted neighborhood kids for no apparent reason. He was hyperactive and very difficult for Pearl and Nat to control. David was not a good student, he didnt like school because he hated to be separated form his mother. He would fake being sick to sty home with him mother. During his school years he would lash out at authorities by starting fires, thieving, vandalizing property and hurting or killing animals. He prided himself on never getting caught that was the thrill. David liked the fact that he could lie his way through a situation and not get caught. In a diary he kept he admitted starting over 200 fires in the Queens- Brooklyn area. According to Dr. Robert Simon, author of Bad Men Do What Good Men Dream, a fire setting by a child is usually a symptomatic expression of sexual and aggressive over stimulation. Fire often expresses the childs hyperactive excitement and deep seated anger. The sight of fire is thought to be sexually arousing in children and sexually immature adults. His destructive and deviant behavior was never discovered because he was secretive and a loner. Though he had a few friends he was unable to establish any lasting relationships because no one was more important to David. Davids world drastically changed when he was fourteen. Just two months after his Bar Mitzvah his mother Pearl died of breast cancer. He felt abandoned because he was not even told his mother was sick. David graduated from high school in 1971, his constant absent almost made him ineligible for graduation. Nat his adopted father married a women, she had a twenty five year old daughter that was smart, and very social. David was jealous of this so he left there home and wondered around. He also attended a community college to please his father. That same year he enlisted into the Army. David was very patriotic and wanted to die for a cause. This is where he learned his marksmen skills, he was very good with rifles, and he stayed in the Army for three years. David wanted to go to Vietnam but instead was stationed to Korea. He then transferred back to the states in 1973 to Fort Knox, Kentucky. During this time in the Army he also converted to Judaism, but lost interest. David was discharged in from the Army in 1974 with no job and no place to live. He moved back in with his father and wife, but that didnt work out because of the wifes daughter. In December of 1974 David started to look for his biological family. Believing that his biological mother was died in child birth, he was searching for his biological father. His whole life he carried around the guilt of killing his mother, only to find out that is was a lie. A copy of his birth certificate gave him his birth name, Richard David Flaco, the name of his mother. He met his mother in 1975, she did not reject him outright but they had a few discouraging meetings. It was not what David expected, he was disappointed in the meetings because he found out that he had an older sister half sister, who was not put up for adoption, then he found out that he was illegitimate and the man listed on his birth certificate was not his father. The most injury was caused when he found out that he was given up because he was not wanted by his mother and her lover, he was an accident, nothing more than a mistake. This is the beginning of the Berkowitz and his victims. Around Christmas 1975, David went to see a psychiatrist about a problem with him having demons tormenting him. On Christmas Eve David attached a fourteen year old girl with a 32 inch hunting knife, it was his first attempt at killing, and he chose her because he thought she would be an easy pray. To his surprise she fought back and screamed her head off, she had six wounds form the hunting knife but escaped with her life. Soon after this incident he moved to Westchester County. His apartment was in an attic of a privet home, he left after three month over an argument with the landlady about her dogs. Berkowitz was working as a night watchman and her dogs kept him awake. In April of 1976, he moved to Yonkers into a small studio apartment. He had the same problems at this apartment too. Berkowitz fought his murderous urges for a while, but six months after his first attempt of murder he perched a 44 caliber hand gun, with the purpose of murdering women. According to Michael Newton in Berkowitz own words, his reason for wanting to kill was that he was determined and in full agreement with myself that I must slay a women for revenge purpose and to get back at them for all the suffering they caused me. David didnt know his dictums before hand, pretty much any young lady would do. He didnt stalk his victims, he stalked the neighborhood by familiarizing himself with landmarks, streets, alleys and escape routes. His first victims were close to his childhood home in the Bronx. In the late hours of July 29, 1976 Donna Laurie and Jody Valenti were sitting in a parked car, on an open street talking. Berkowitz walked up to the passenger side of the car held the gun with one had and fired into the side window, killing Donna and wounding Jody in the thigh. Berkowitz went out hunting every night with the intention on killing a woman. He would later tell the police that when hunting would come up empty he would visit his previous crime sense to relive the joy and power of the moment and then go home to masturbate. On October 23, 1976 Berkowitz struck again, this time in Queens. He walked up to a red Volkswagen Bug where Rosemary Keenan and Carl Denaro were making out, raised the gun to the passenger side window and fired four shots. One bullet hit Carl DeNaro, shattering his skull. The other three shots went wild, none hitting Rosemary. DeNaro had long hair and was sitting in the traditional girl side of the car. Berkowitz was upset with himself because he missed the girl and shot the boy instead. His next two victims, Donna DeMasi and Joanne Lomino, were shot a month later, on November 27th while sitting on Joannes porch in Queens. Anxious he walked right up to the porch and raised his gun and fired at both the girls. Donna was wounded in the neck, and Joanne was hit in the spine, and later paralyzed her form the waist down. In February of 1977 Berkowitz shot Christine Freud and John Diehl. Christine Freund died within hours. This shooting was different from the rest because Berkowitz used two hands and the shooters stance for more control. Secondly and most importantly, he had no fear, by his own admission he was becoming more cold blooded. He had Berkowitz had succeeded in justifying his crimes and had convinced himself that it was good to do it. The media was in a panic and they named this unknown killer the . 44-Caliber Killer. On March 8, 1977 David was prowling the streets for hours looking for another victim. He found her within a block of the spot where he had shot Christine Freund to death. For no particular reason he chose Virginia Voskerichian, a pretty, intelligent young lady who was walking home from Bernard College. Berkowitz walked up to her, crouched and raised his gun in both hands and shot through her textbook that she held in front of her face for self defense. Later that evening he watched the news and gloated. The next day he bought the New York Daily News, The NY Times and The Post and the headlines screamed of his exploits. He was getting to know his audience and he was getting bolder. April was a busy month for David, he started writing anonymous letters campaign against Sam Carr, threatening his life, because his dog barked to much. He accused Carr of tormenting him and ruining his life. A few days later he shot the dog with a . 2 pistol. On the evening of April 16th David set another fire. The next night around the corner form his first shooting, David shot Valentina Suriani and Alexander Esau while they were sitting in a parked car. The murders were becoming more frequent Berkowitz considered this shooting to be his best job, not only because both people were dead but because he left his first carefully concocted Sam note at the scene of the crime. In his letter he professed note, which was signed Mr. Monster, he professed not to hate woman, and in the note left at the scene states, I am deeply hurt by hurt by your calling me a woman hater. I am not. But I am a monster. I am the Son of Sam a little brat David proceeded to write, in his slanted longhand, that his father, Sam, keeps him locked in an attic and programs him to kill. In Davids mind only God cold destroy Sam. Sam was considered the Devil. David was classified by the defense as a period schizophrenic. They believed that Davids difficulties relating to people drove him further into isolation. At this point the police tried to profile him saying, that he was someone looking for help, he was lonely and had no friends. They saw him in a cheep furnished room, afraid of women and at one point in his life he was rejected by a wife, girlfriend, sister, mother, and that rejection turned into rage. David continued to write letters to the authorities and to the news papers. On June 16th 1977 David seta fire at Ferry point park, ten days later Son of Sam struck again His victims were Judy Placido and Salvatore Lupo they were sitting in a parked car around the corner form a disco. They both survived. Another fire and a week later another murder, so he started lighting fires when he was going to strike. This would turn out to be his last murder. In the early morning David watched form a distance as a police officer ticketed his car and then walked toward a playground. The fact that the police officer ticketed his car was very significant because it showed that he was getting reckless. In additional he walked into a woman who was out walking her dog at 2am in the morning she got a really good look at him. All of his encounters that night played a key role because later the woman walking the dog would give a description of him along with other that saw him flee the scene. Davids last attack was of a strange venue, he shot then quickly and ran like hell to his car.